---

Syllabus of the History of Medicine

Clifford C. Snyder, M.D.

Professor
Department of Surgery
University of Utah School of Medicine

Table of Contents

Search the Syllabus of the History of Medicine

Introduction
Prehistoric Man and Medicine
Primitive Man and Medicine
Neanderthal Man
Paleolithic Man
Medicine in Mesopotamia

Sumerian Medicine | The Nippur Tablet | Babylonian and Assyrian Medicine | Hammurabi's Code

Egyptian Medicine

First Specialists | Therapy | Imhotep: World's first physician known by name | Art of Mummification | Papyri | Medical Schools | Summary

Ancient Hebrew Medicine

Moses

Traditional Chinese Medicine | Acupuncture/Gate Theory | Chinese Surgery

Helenic Culture | Homeric Medicine | The Cult of Aesculapius (Asklepios) | Pre-Hippocratic Philosopher Physicians | Thales of Miletus | Anaximander (c. 565 B.C.) |

Axamimenes (570-500 B.C.) | Heraclitus (566-460 B.C.) | Pythagoras (570-489 B.C.) | Alcmaeon (500 B.C.) | Empedocles (500-430 B.C.) |

The Classic Period of Greek Medicine (460-136 B.C.) / Hippocrates of Cos (460?-366?B.C.) | Hippocrates' Corpus | The Hippocratic Oath | Declaration of Geneva |

Hippocratic Writings | Hippocratic Concepts of Anatomy /Hippocratic Physiology | Hippocratic Physical Diagnosis | Hippocratic Therapy |

The Golden Age of Greece (370-286 B.C.) | Aristotle, Asclepliad of Stagira (384-322 B.C.) | Theophrastus (370-286 B.C.) | Herophilus (300-344 B.C.) |

Summary of Greek and Alexandrian Medicine

The Snake Dilemma
The Caduceus
The Staff of Aesculapius
Etruscan Medicine (900 B.C.)

Methodists, Encyclopedists and Pneumatists | Asclepiades (c. 124 B.C.) | Aurelius cornelius Celsus (c. 50 A.D.) | Pedanius Dioscorides (c. 40 A.D.) |

Soranus of Ephesus (c. 98 A.D.- 138 A.D.) | Aretaeus (Aretaios) of Cappadocia (50-150 A.D.) | Rufus (Ruphos) of Ephesus (98-117 A.D.)

Claudius Galen (138-201 A.D.) ? (129-210 A.D.) | Galen, The Scientist, Author and Doctor | Teachings Galen | Galen's Therapy |

Roman Medical Schools | The Fall of Great Roman Empire

Orbiasius (Oreibasios) (325-403 A.D.) ? (320-400 A.D.) | Alexander of Tralles (525-605) | Paul of Aegina (625-690)

School of Salerno (1075 A.D.?)

The Three Periods of Arabian Medicine:

The First Period (750-900)

Muhammad (Mohammad) (570-632)

The Second Period (900-1100)

Rhazes (841-926), (860-932), circa (865-925), (865-965) | Avicenna (980-1037) | Abulcasis circa (936-1013) |

The Third Period (1100-1600)

Avenzoar (113-1162) | Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon (Maimonides) (1135-1204) | Arabian Hospitals and Medical Education |

William of Soliceto (1210-1277) | Teodorico Borgognoni (1205-1296) | Henri De Mondeville (1260-1320) | Mundinus de Luzzi of Bologna (1270?-1327) |

Guy de Chauliac (1300-1367) | Pope John XXI (c. 1216-1277)

Bubonic Plague 14th to 16th Century | Great Plague of London (1665) | Leprosy (6th to 14th Century)

Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) | Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) | Girolamo Fracastoro (Fracastorius) (1478-1553) | Jacobus Sylvius (1478-1555) | Andreas Vesalius (1514-1565) |

Gabriel E Fallopius (1523-1562) | Hieronymus Fabricius d'Acquapendente (1537-1619) | Michael Servetus (1509-1553) | Paracelsus (1493-1541) | Felix Platter (1536-1614) | Johann Weyer (Wier) (Wierus) (1515-1588)

Ambrose (Ambroise) Pare (1510-90) | Gaspare Tagliacozzi (1545-1599)

Introduction | The Universities | Status of British Physicians and Surgeons | Professor-Prospector Teaching | Life of Sir William Harvey (1578-1657) | Francis Glisson (1597-1677)

The Janssens (Johannes, Azccharias) | Nicholas Copernicus | Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) | Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) | Robert Hooke (1635-1703) | Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694)

Reignier de Graff (1641-1673) | Thomas Willis (1621-1675) | Santorio Santorio (1561-1636) |

Thomas Dover
18th Century Business and Science
Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815)
Samuel Christian Hahnemann (1755-1843)

The Hunters (1718-1793)

William Hunter (1718-1783) | John Hunter (1728-1793) |

A Wonder Drug of the 18th Century

James Lind (1716-1794)

The Pockes

Edward Jenner (1749-1823)

The 18th Century Surgeon

James Parkinson (1755-1824) | Dominique Jean Baron de Larrey (1766-1844) | Sir Astley Paston Cooper (1768-1848) | Ephraim McDowell (1771-1830) |

Abraham Colles (1777-1836) | John Cheyne (1777-1836) | Baron Guillaume Dupuytren (1777-1835) | Rene Theopile Hyacinthe Laennec (1781-1826) |

William Beaumont (1785-1853) | Richard Bright (1789-1858) | Robert Adams (1791-1875) | Thomas Addison (1793-1860) | Thomas Hodgkin (1798-1866) | Robert James Graves (1796-1853)

Johannes Muller (1801-1858) | William Stokes (1804-1878) | Sir William Fergusson (1808-1877) | Sir James Young Simpson (1811-1870) | Claude Bernard (1813-1878) |

James Marion Sims (1813-1883) | James Paget (1814-1899) | Carl Ludwig (1816-1895) | Charles Edouard Brown-Sequard | Hermann Ludwig Von Helmholtz | Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893)

Rudolf Ludwig Virchow (1821-1902) | Friedrich Daniel Von Recklinghausen (1833-1910) | Louis Pasteur (1822-1885) | Robert Koch (1843-1910) | T. V. Edwin Klebs (1834-1913)

Paul Ehrlich (1854-1895)

Anesthesia

Crawford Williamson Long (1815-1878)

William Konrad Rontgen (1845-1922)
Sir William Osler (1849-1919)
Walter Reed (1851-1902)
William Stewart Halsted (1852-1922)

Santiago Ramony Cajal (1852-1934)
Theodor Kocher (1841-1917)
Edoardo Bassini (1844-1924)
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1940)

Walter B. Cannon (1871-1945)
Alexis Carrel (1873-1944)
George W. Crile (1864-1943)
Harvey Cushing (1869-1939)

Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943)
The Mayos
Frederick G. Banting (1891-1944)
Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)

Evarts A. Graham (1883-1957)
Friedrich Trendelenburg (1844-1924)
Hugh H. Young (1870-1945)
Rudolph Matas (1860-1957)
Ephermeral Finale

All contents copyright © 1992-1997 the Author(s) and the University of Iowa. All rights reserved.
Last Modified: April 21, 1997